胸腺基質淋巴細胞生成素(TSLP)是一種由上皮細胞產生的白介素7樣細胞因子,與靶細胞TSLP受體相互作用,進而誘導一種特殊類型的炎症型Th2細胞反應,與哮喘及其他過敏性疾病的發病有關。

來自韓國的研究人員發現：人參達瑪烷皂苷Rg1能夠抑制TSLP的產生，抑制細胞炎症介質的釋然，並且抑制細胞凋亡，從而發揮抗過敏性鼻炎的作用。該研究發表在2013年第六期的《免疫藥理和免疫毒理》雜誌 ​​上。

最近的一項研究報告說，韓國紅參降低過敏小鼠的鼻過敏炎症反應。然而，人參皂苷Rg1（ RG1 ）對過敏性鼻炎（AR）的機制沒有得到闡明。在這項研究中，採用了卵白蛋白（OVA ）誘發的過敏性鼻炎小鼠模型，評價了Rg1的抗過敏作用。

結果發現：Rg1顯著降低胸腺基質淋巴細胞生成素（TSLP ）和白細胞介素（ IL ） -1β的水平。同時，在Rg1治療的過敏性鼻炎小鼠中，過敏症狀（如擦分數）和生物標誌物（如脾臟重量，組胺， IgE和IgG1）的水平均下降。同時，干擾素-γ水平提高，而IL- 4水平降。在Rg1組，嗜酸性粒細胞和肥大細胞浸潤也下降。RG1同時也減少炎症相關蛋白的水平。另外，Rg1抑制鼻黏膜組織中的凋亡酶caspase -1活性。

這個研究的結果表明，在動物模型中，Rg1具有較強的對抗過敏性鼻炎的活性。

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Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits the TSLP production in allergic rhinitis mice.
Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2013 Dec;35(6):678-86
Authors: Oh HA, Seo JY, Jeong HJ, Kim HM
Abstract
Recent study reports that Korean red ginseng reduces the nasal allergic inflammatory reaction in an allergic murine model. However, the contribution of ginsenoside Rg1 (RG1) and its mechanisms on allergic rhinitis (AR) have not been elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the important activities of RG1 in the ovalbumin (OVA)- induced AR mice. RG1 significantly reduced the levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and interleukin (IL)-1β compared with the AR control mice. Allergic symptom such as rub scores and biomarkers such as spleen weight, histamine , IgE and IgG1 in the RG1 group were decreased compared with the AR mice. The levels of interferon-γ were enhanced while the levels of IL-4 were reduced in the RG1 group. In the RG1 group, the eosinophils and mast cells infiltration increased by OVA were also decreased. RG1 reduced the levels of inflammation-related protein. RG1 inhibited the caspase-1 activity in nasal mucosa tissue. In addition, RG1 inhibited the production of TSLP and IL-1β and the activations of caspase-1, receptor interacting protein 2, IκB kinase -β and nuclear factor-κB/Rel A in activated HMC-1 cells. Our results indicate that RG1 has the inhibitory effect of TSLP production and caspase-1 activity in AR experimental model.